Surgical excision of a ganglion can improve symptoms and appearance. There is a potential for recurrence and if the swelling doesn't bother you signficantly, you may wish to leave it alone.

DeQuervain's disease can be relieved by decompressing the area.  The overlying fascia is divided and this allows the tendons in question to glide easily.  This procedure can be carried out under local anaesthesia.

Scaphoid non-union can be treated with fixation +/- bone grafting.  This gives stability to the scaphoid in a bid to promote healing.  Unfortunately one third of cases will not fully heal.  Smoking plays an important role in preventing healing and stopping smoking prior to surgery is advised.

Treating arthritic joints either involves replacing the joint, removing (excising) the joint or fusing (stiffening) the joint.